Dyed material of organic derivatives of cellulose



Patented May 11, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENI oFFicia DYED MATERIAL or onomc DERIVA- TIVES or CELLULOSE No Drawing.

Application September 13, 1934,

Serial No. 743,834

10 Claims.

This invention relates to colored artificial materials such as yarns, filaments and fabrics, wherein the coloring material employed is a vat or other dyestufi and the artificial materials contain organic derivatives of cellulose, and to the method of dyeing such artificial materials with a vat or other dyestufi', for example, an indigoid type vat dyestufi orother dyestuff that formerly was considered a poor dye for such materials.

An object of the invention is the economic and expeditious coloring of a commercial grade of materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose with dyestuffs, formerly deemed commercially not suitable for coloring organic derivatives of cellulose in that the colors crooked or rubbed. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.

By employing this invention, filaments, yarns and fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose may be dyed with vat or other dyestuffs by heating the textile material in the presence of the adhering dyestuff. Thus heating the textile material to above 110 C. causes the adhering I dyestuff'to dissolve or penetrate into the artificial filaments, thereby preventing crocking or bleeding of the dye from the material. By this method, filaments of organic derivatives may be dyed with vat and other dyestufi the resulting material being free of crocking or bleeding and marking-oil due to perspiration.

A further advantage of this invention is that filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose or yarns spun from staple fibres cut from said filaments and dyed with vat or other dyestuffs may be woven or mixed with animal fibres of white or light color and the color will not bleed from the artificial material to the animal fibre in washing, fulling or other operations, or due to perspiration. This allows the use of mixtures of animal and artificial fibres in the formation of yarns, and also of a mixture of animal fibre yarns and artificial fibre yarns woven or otherwise formed into a fabric. This invention also permits of the use of one type of fabric for trimming, lining or otherwise joining the same to another type of fabric without dyeing difficulties resulting therefrom.

According to our invention, we pad, batch, print or otherwise apply a vat or other dyestufi to fibres, yarns or fabrics containing an organic derivative of cellulose and heat the material in a pressing operation, in a heated air chamber, in a steam bath or otherwise to a temperature above C. and below the melting point of the organic derivatives of cellulose, and preferably between and C., for a period of time with cient to cause the dyestufi to become absorbed, penetrated, dissolved or otherwise incorporated into the artificial material. By this invention, the color imparted to artificial materials by dyestufis that have a real affinity for the artificial material is deepened and made marking-off proof to perspiration, while the color imparted to artificial materials by vat and other dyestufis that formerly slightly colored artificial material but bled and crooked is made deeper and is also made fast to bleeding and perspiration fading. The present invention makes for the safe use of a great number of dyestuffs heretofore not practical, such as the larger molecular vat dyestuffs, aniline dyestufis and especially indigo and its derivatives.

This invention is applicable to the imparting of a fast deepcolor to articles, fabrics, yarns, filaments and fibres made from or containing organic derivatives of cellulose such as the organic esters of cellulose and the cellulose ethers. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose proplonate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.

The artificial material may be spun by the wet or dry methods of spinning into filaments or pressed, extruded, cast or otherwise formed into sheets, straws, foils and other objects. The filaments may be dyed as such or they may be first formed to yarns or even to a finished fabric. The filaments may also be cut or broken into short staple lengths and treated in a dye bath as such, or the staple may be first spun to-a yarn and treated in hank form or processed to a fabric. Fabrics may be treated according to our invention that have been woven, knitted, knotted, or netted from yarns, filaments and/or fibres containing organic derivatives of cellulose alone or the same mixed with other fibres and filaments such as animal fibres, cotton, regenerated or reconstituted cellulose, fiax, silk, etc.

The articles and/or filaments, etc. may contain, besides the organic derivatives of cellulose, efiect materials such as pigments, filling materials, fire retardants, plasticizers and sizes. The yarns and filaments may be lubricatedior processing but it is preferable to have the material comparatively free of oils while applying the dyestuff and during the fixing operations. The efiect materials may be incorporated with the article or filaments by adding same to the solution of organic derivatives of cellulose from which they are as Ciba heliotrope B (Color Index 1205), thioindigo and its derivatives such as halogenated thioindigoid dyes e. g. Ciba Bordeaux B (Color Index 1208), dinaphthindigoid dyes such as Ciba' green G (Color Index 1198), and indigoid dyes obtainable by condensing isatins or thioisatins with oxynaphthalenes or oxyanthracenes or derivatives thereof, such as Alizarin Indigo 3R (Color Index 1200) The vat dyestuil's of the anthraquinone series may also be employed. This invention is particularly directed to such dyestuffs as 1-4 dimethyl diamino anthraquinone, alpha eth'anolamino anthraquinone, 2-4 dinitro 4 bydroxy diphenylamine, 1-2 dioxy 5-8 dimethylaminoanthraquinone, 2 nitro 4 chloro 4' ethoxydiphenylamine, 4 nitro 2 methoxy benzene 1 azo dimethylaniline, 4 nitro 2 methoxy benzene 1 azo diethylaniline, 1 hydroxy 4 aminoanthraquinone, 2-4 dinitro diphenylamine, 1-4 diamino anthraquinone, and like dyes.

Included in this invention is the setting or fixing against crocking and marking-oil by perspiration those dyestuffs that applied to organic derivatives of cellulose formerly rubbed, crooked and/or marked-oi! and also those dyestuifs that were fast on organic derivatives of cellulose that are by this invention deepened in color. The

number and types of dyes listed above are given as illustrations and not as limitations, as by this invention direct cotton dyes, acid dyes and others that have but little aflinity for organic derivatives,

of cellulose may be caused to impart deep and full color, that does not crock, in the organic derivative of cellulose material.

The vat dyestufi may be applied to the organic derivative of cellulose yarn, fabric, etc. in any suitable manner, for example, it may be vatted,

padded, or otherwise applied. The salts of the leuco compound of the vat dyestufif or its free leuco compound may be applied to the textile materials in any convenient manner, such as baths, printing pastes and the like.

The solutions or dispersions of the leuco compound may be applied to the textile or other materials in any convenient manner, for example, by dyeing, padding, printing, stenciling or the like. Aqueous solutions of leuco compounds are preferably employed under conditions which are as free as possible of alkalinity when the textile being treated contains an ester of cellulose. If desired or requisite, the leuco compound may receive additions of thickening agents, for example when they are to be applied by padding or printing.

The oxidation of the leuco compounds on the materialsmay be effected by any suitable means, for example, by simple air oxidation, treatment with bichromate, bleaching powder, soap, sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide and/or other means normally employed with the particular type leuco compound applied. When applying indigoid dyes a drying in air at about 60 C. is usually sumcient.

In accordance with this invention, after the dyestufl. has been applied to the fabric, yarn, etc. part ofsaid dyestufi having become permanently incorporated with the artificial material and perhaps a part only adhering to or unstably incorporated with the artificial material, the same is subjected to an elevated temperature, i. e. above 110 C., and preferably about 160 -C., for from a momentary contact with a heated element to an exposure to a heated atmosphere for 60 minutes. The applied heat may be in the form of contact with heated elements, hot air, wet or dry steam. Thus the treated fabric may be calendered, placed in a cottage steamer or both.

This action permanently incorporates the coloring matter in the artificial material and prevents crocking and bleeding and greatly deepens the color. Alternatively a heated tentering machine may be employed.

As illustrations and not as limitations, the

,following examples are given.

Example I formed. The fabric is removed from the vat and dried at between and 65 C. during which period the leuco compound is oxidized to indigo. The fabric is then heated in a hot air chamber to 160 C. for 15 minutes. The fabric is dyed a blue color and the coloring matter is permanently fixed to the fabric.

Example II Staple fibres of cellulose acetate are submerged in a bath.30 times their weight containing V g. p. l. soap and M; g. p. l. soda ash containing about 5.3 1-4 dimethyl diamino anthraquinone. 3.% alpha ethanolamino anthraquinone and 3.3% 2-4 dinitro 4'hydroxy diphenylamine, the weights given being that of the commercial dyestufls. The commercial dyestufi's are of such concentration as to amount, in a dye bath containing approximately 0.4% of 1-4 dimethyl diamino anthraquinone to 0.6% of a-ethanolamino anthraquinone and 0.8% of 2-4 dinitro 4-hydroxy diphenylamine, the percentage being based on the weights of the pure dyestuif. After drying the material is rinsed in hot water and dried at between 150-160 C. for 15 minutes. The resulting product is a brown fibre that is fast to perspiration and bleeding and may be mixed with animal fibers and fulled, scoured and otherwise treated without bleeding onto the animal fibres.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and many alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose with a dyestufi having a low afiinity for the organic derivative of cellulose, which comprises applying the dyestufi to the textile material and subjecting the same 'to a temperature between 150-180 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuff in the organic derivative of cellulose textile material. i

2. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing cellulose acetate with a dyestuil' having a low aiilnity for the cellulose acetate, which comprises applying the dyestufl to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature between -l80 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuff in the cellulose acetate textile material.

3. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing organic derivatives 01' cellulose, which comprises applying a vat dyestuil to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature between 150-180 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuff in the organic derivative oi. cellulose textile material.

4. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying a vat dyestuflf to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature between 150-180 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestufl in the cellulose acetate textile material.

5. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying a vat dyestufl tothe textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature of about C. to cause the penetration of the dyestufl! in the organic derivative of cellulose textile material.

6. Process for the coloration oi! textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying a vat dyestufl to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature of about 160 C. to

cause the penetration oi the dyestui! in the cellulose acetate textile material.

7. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying an anthraquinone dyestufl containing a single anthraquinone nucleus to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature of 150-180? C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuilf in the organic derivative of cellulose textile material.

8. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying an anthraquinone dyestufi containing a single anthraquinone nucleus to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment inthe dry state at a temperature of 150-180 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuff in the cellulose acetate textile material.

9. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying an anthraquinone dyestufl containing a single anthraquinone nucleus to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature of about 160 C. to cause the penetration oi the dye-- stuil' in the organic derivative of cellulose textile material.

10. Process for the coloration of textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying an anthraquinone dyestufl! containing a single anthraquinone nucleus to the textile material and subjecting the same to heat treatment in the dry state at a temperature of about 160 C. to cause the penetration of the dyestuff in the cellulose acetate textile material.

CAMIILE DREYFUS. GEORGE W. MILES. HERBERT PLATT. 

